1946 18 April to 18 May the two parties were in the northeast of the massive Battle of Siping Street, is the military after the war the two parties contest the first major round. The results of this contest, the loss of thousands of Chinese Communists human cost, were forced to abandon the Siping Street and wanted to establish their own big cities such as Harbin and Qiqihar, going back to the rural areas. do not want to, Chiang Kai-shek on June 6 that a truce on paper, so that the Chinese Communists gained valuable breathing space, and to separatist northern Manchuria. soon, the Northeast Democratic coalition, led by Lin Biao to comeback into the offensive, not only changed hands Communist victory in the Northeast, but also directly affect the outcome of the civil war since the whole.
1999, the then deputy chief of staff who went to Northeast supervise operations that subsequently became Secretary of Defense Baichong son of Mr. Bai Xianyong Jubilee, published a long article on the Battle of Siping significant influence the future of Communist military, detailed discussion and criticism of the Chiang Kai-shek did not listen to the words of his father, tottering foe does not catch, so that Yi Yang Hu suffering, and bring disaster to lose Northeast the responsibility of the fall of the mainland, causing quite a reaction. However, searching out the text, quoted his father, only to see after many years of memories, no progress was made of. take another look at Taipei's Chiang files kept by the Academia Historica, also saw the father on May 21 Article Chen, which were inherent to the military, the largest set of countries determined to fully, completely resolved in the shortest period of seeking. Military Jinchao, then still have to practice before the surge. that . Siping battle field, there are still some different views of the controversy. We must look at the issue of history. The so-called historical look at the issue, is to go deep into the then leaders of the two parties in decision-making to understand a particular environment is What are the circumstances around the situation at the time of their judgments. It is clear that both Mao Shou adventure Siping, or not troops on the north win the Chiang Kai-shek, are influenced by their understanding of the enemy force at the time to pour all the intelligence situation and the impact of the decision. At the same time Their decision also reflects the two parties largely internal and psychological judgments of most people is not the result of two autocratic. do not work hard to put that cause them to make their own risk or no risk of political and military decision-making particular environment and related information, and stood in the angle of the discussion was who they were they should be so, or they should be so, it will not be fair and objective. This article is fully occupied and the attempt to compare the two Communist parties on the basis of historical data on Siping KMT and Chiang Kai-shek after the war, Mao Zedong, the complexity of decision-making background, do in-depth explanation.
Communist playing in the Northeast, but also due to Chiang Kai-shek of the Chinese communists refused to recognize the status of the Northeast attitude. As the reception experience, Chiang Kai-shek from the beginning that persist in the Communist Soviet diplomatic treaty limit unauthorized access to Northeast received. Even in Communist China after the armed mass into the Northeast, Jiang Yijian held as illegal and refused to recognize their legal status, for fear of being Soviet Northeast China used to be handed over to Communist China. November 1945 Shanhaiguan line Communist forces in resisting the use of force only after the KMT lost into the northeast, Chiang Kai-shek not to enter the Northeast is more looked down .12 at the end of the CPC General Marshall came to the U.S. presidential envoy mediating relations between Communist China, Jiang has successfully led the consent of the draft in the Armistice Agreement states: and mobilization in the territory of Manchuria, when the Department of exception. provides that mobilization of the army free to receive the rights of sovereignty, the Chinese Communists military presence in the Northeast in the Northeast and the CPC referred to the status of Hao Wei, Chiang denied the status of the CPC in the northeast arm and even more confidently to the.
cease-fire that had just come into force , northeast of Chiang Kai-shek to explicitly enter the Kuomintang troops ready for battle. A month later, given the imminent withdrawal of Soviet troops, he asked, chairman of Bear Camp northeast and north-hui Du Yuming security commander of the Northeast to receive the full strategic points, saying: Where are the main points of the Soviet stress to the receiver; no Soviet occupation of the occupation may, in short, to efforts to prevent the Northeast to become the fundamental aspects of the KMT denied the status of the Chinese Communists in Manchuria, and its elite troops began to open into the Northeast, at the use of armed force to resolve the Chinese Communists, on the other Communist forces in Manchuria in early 1946 greatly exceeded the number of Kuomintang troops to the number of troops in Northeast, also share regions more than the latter. In this case, both the military conflict in the northeast region has been inevitable. Just at that moment, the Soviet side of the KMT government to delay negotiations on economic co-operation, rehabilitation and encouraged anti-Soviet demonstrations seriously ill, determination by the withdrawal of the machine, push the CPC will make its line of retreat to receive the land and occupation, and made it clear that assistance to the CPC, which naturally led to the Communist armies in the northeast have to start a large-scale military battle is not.
Siping Battle of the fuse off the truce since
since Chiang Kai-shek to shift the focus of the military offensive outside the .1 to turn off the mid-thirteenth the Kuomintang army and fifty-Ning forces should have been pushed to the north along the nearby Shenyang Xinmin, one has entered the city of West District of Shenyang .2 early April, the new six military sea landing, the car shipped to Jinzhou, Goubangzi line. Du Yuming to ensure Beining Shenyang Jinzhou section of the security, order a new six-Jun-second Thirteenth Army division and the section of the eighty-ninth division started operations on both sides of the raids, which opened the two parties fighting in the northeast of the regiment. Kuomintang armies in the early to mid February Silk River sub, do not Huan Chi , Shalingzi fought three wars almost simultaneously, one win and one loss for a flat, no high score.
to the flames of war in the northeast had just lit the occasion, the Soviets suddenly began to withdraw its troops out.
1946 年 2 22, the CPC Central Committee, said the Northeast Bureau report: Soviet representatives: (a) efforts to fight the Soviet side in the Northeast into the act, in addition to Dalian Port Arthur estuary, is about economic issues with the stubborn side, forcing the recognition of the status of the Soviet side; (b) of the Sudanese side will be affected by efforts to obstruct the US-Chiang, and we should maintain a tough stance in the political, military, strengthen the attack on, be strong cooperation. (c) whether the success of the negotiations, the Sudanese side to support our ultimate purpose is to establish the Northeast master status.
Northeast Bureau of Peng Zhen, according to the report, the Soviet representatives made it clear that as far as possible to meet the requirements of the CPC, the formation of artillery, tank units, the establishment of training bases and other issues, can be done further research and consultation . Soviet representatives and acknowledged their concerns about World War III over the last comparison, the attitude is quite soft, and now different. because the KMT against the Soviet Union launched the campaign to show hatred to cancel the special status of the Soviet Union in the Northeast, the United States tried to use the open door of the name, in-depth the northeast, but the U.S. is difficult to open to the northeast. Therefore, China should be a large number of cadres and enhance the Northeast, by adjusting the main, to ensure control of the Northeast. Soviet attitude, in its commander in chief Marin Nuofu Si Marshal and other basic public statements at this time also showed very clearly.
Northeast Bureau of the CPC had not mentioned to the Chinese Communists on the truce agreement the status of deep discontent in the Northeast. Peng then clear that: more troops, I now can not send more troops, without destroying the traffic; sometimes I even favorable conditions, I can not take the initiative to attack the enemy until the enemy suddenly received favorable opportunity to attack me, I was passive. . At this time the Chinese Communists in the Northeast already has about 30 million or more troops, except the main traffic control center lines and along the outside of the city and most of the south of Jinzhou, Northeast China, it somehow does not allow the KMT denied in the Northeast position. Prior to the Armistice Agreement as a constraint, coupled with the Soviet intervention, it can not move freely. Now the Soviets prepared to withdraw, and to encourage big hit, it was natural to make a difference.
Although the Sudanese side to encourage and provide facilitation and assistance, had in November 1945 to win Northeast lost lessons, and are in the U.S. handling of the CPC under pressure, but the idea is not to dominate the Northeast. The basic principle of time, or seek a negotiated legal status in the Northeast , which called for democratic self-government the negotiating table and strive to make their own in the negotiations in a more favorable position. auspices of the CPC Central Committee Liu then telephone order to clear the Northeast Bureau of negotiations the Soviets quickly, and strive to make the Soviets Northeast medium and small cities have to pay a lot of Fang-received, so as to avoid our difficulties in the negotiations in the KMT. any notification to the National Government, so that the KMT can not transport troops to the Soviet military withdrawal to be completed to receive the work area, while it is well received and won the Soviet Communist China's major cities to provide withdrawal of all the facilities.
Soviet attitude Northeast of the Communist political and military leaders to try it. Simon Li Fuchun Military Region, Huang Kecheng on March 10 was the first to propose Siping line should be controlled to prevent the Kuomintang troops north of the claim. The telegram said: moment the situation is unknown because of the KMT, not aggressive to receive, take advantage of our military forces should be controlled by one along the road, Changchun city, in order to prevent Wanjun north, and attract Wanjun in Changchun along as you agree that we Jipai teams advancing Siping , Angangxi. Reconstruction of Chinese sovereignty areas, especially in the Soviet occupation of the Treaty referred to both sides of the railway line in Changchun thirty kilometers area. Communist forces to compile a basic program of the national army. Jun 6 of the Northeast for the five military downsizing, one of the military division remained a Communist, the other four forces are prepared for the army system. in accordance with this plan, the Chinese Communists to seize the city of Changchun Road and along, and no special significance. if the conditions for Chiang agreement is tantamount to the recognition of the Chinese Communist Party to the Kuomintang's legal status in the northeast, when so sent to the Northeast Implementation Team, the Northeast problems can be put on the negotiation table to solve the program of the entire Army the. Zhou said: About Northeast stake, noting that Qianzaiyishi of the machine, immediately give up the rest of Mao Zedong, began to put into the work in the northeast to the problem. He was 13, together with Liu Shaoqi and Zhou Enlai's telegram to be a given, indicating: Northeast comrades ; ambitious great, do not understand why is it that in many parts of the KMT, the Northeast entire party and army are kind of psychological. They take a more hard-line policy is good. Only thus can negotiate with me to force Chiang to recognize my status in the Northeast. Now the KMT was forced to admit that I position in the Northeast, can receive Changchun, Shenyang, Harbin way to the city (along the road are not included). is to give the KMT. Soviet forces stationed outside the area, most have to pay me to take over, one will pay me, which, inter Fushun, Benxi prepared to let go, not let the rest. If you have the right to receive the Soviets agreed to withdraw the Kuomintang areas, while Anton, Tonghua, Yanji, Dragon, Hejiang, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, Taonan, Tongliao, Liaoyuan, and other large areas and other places have been to the Soviet, and I never let the future not shut up. We want to make the Changchun Road, the main part and Fushun, Benxi exchange States parties to withdraw troops from Rehe. Naturally, to keep us in the Northeast this position, have to go through serious diplomatic struggle, and even military conflict, we should take all the strength to fight. estimate is: Changchun Road and Northeast throughout the whole big civil war, US-Chiang have concerns, the possible military control. Therefore, when the Soviets made the Northeast Bureau reported that the CPC can win in Shenyang, they understand the restoration that: passive in the political will is very unfavorable (status). not only do not have to share in Shenyang, the Shenyang to Harbin, in the Soviet retreat along the way when we are not going to occupy, so the military to receive. , the Northeast Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Soviet cable that slow, hesitant manner quite dissatisfied with blunt criticism of the CPC Central Committee on the Americans so kind, we should not agree to allow the KMT to open the military to the northeast 5 to. northeastern Board thus that should seek unmanning the CPC Harbin and Qiqihar, Zheng Jiatun flush line and north of the line must be mine Ji Feng unmanning. as for the exchange, the CCP , Law Library, and the KMT's share of the region is now unmanning. should be able to reach a compromise. They believe that: The current strength of the Kuomintang in the Northeast to play, and ultimately can only account for so many sites. Accordingly, they insist that: The so-called Changchun Road, including Dalian to Harbin and Suifenhe to Manchuria, which are all mine are everywhere. hh If the KMT unmanning Changchun Road and the area, I not only complete loss of advantage, and there will be serious difficulties. Soviet views and recommendations of the Northeast Bureau of Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee clearly had a great touch, deliberately in his Northeast Council forwards the proposal to Zhou Enlai, asked the latter to the plate as negotiations with the KMT, Peng so suddenly calls made bolder proposals. He told the CPC Central Committee, said: Soviet representative said the land where the Soviet withdrawal, including Shenyang, Siping Street, I can let go big play, and play the hope that I let go. To This he proposed: elimination of major cities in the north of the Wanjun Siping, and occupied the major cities, forcing the Kuomintang and I negotiate, if necessary, to allow the KMT in exchange for a peace? For the seven from the CPC held in 1945, when Soviet and Outer Mongolian bent back in the northeast of Mao Zedong established revolutionary base areas, the apparently more attractive. CPC Central Committee on this day, that is, 16, finally changed the Soviet Union did not want to break the shackles of the Treaty and the idea of the Armistice Agreement, clearly endorsed the Northeast Bureau. Obviously, the Communists, the whole military program is not what they expected. CPC Central Committee still hopes to get a solid base backed by the Soviet Union, Therefore, it is recommended that: only should Zhou Enlai criticized too much worry about the political problems to be able to justify itself. said: mention it this way, does not recognize any military status, do not solve any political problems in Northeast, I absolutely can not be concluded from a fully Consists be viable, completely negative in our treaties. Indeed, as the other side does not implement cease-fire, north of Shenyang, Changchun Road, I also stationed so that he can not receive, to force the other side truce. If government forces stationed in areas other side must be provided, the provisions of our military presence must also region. No matter how diehard other side, how high, or even to fully break down, play the threat of civil war, we definitely do not yield. found in conversation, Zhang has agreed to earlier by the task of the small executive team to revise the two E, that is D is replaced with line ten miles on both sides, including troops to separate the whole military program. the revised conditions, Army to receive prior to Acquire down, causing troops to the present time there is not the Soviet withdrawal of the region a reality. To this end, Zhou suggested: negotiate better in the future, our military can not be shy its along the city, so the sheets, be ready two weeks after the written report, Chiang Ding specifically the term influence of Mao Zedong.
In fact, the hair can not accept weeks, a draft agreement Zhang business properly. He proposed: C entry The so-called army items, railway lines After the draft, made stronger: D items can not accept, because not only evacuation of the area and troops currently receiving, at the CCP negative. But for the politically highly sensitive Mao, the debate on these words have been less important, and since the KMT may account for regional non-recognition of Communist China agreed that the present can not be entered, Why not pre-emptive, first riding on the occasion of the Soviet withdrawal to say what accounted for the North over?
3 17, has not been the central answer further calls Peng asked: note cited by the Soviet m) in time to win the consent of Siping Street, Harbin, Changchun Road Extension, and other small cities, concessions in negotiations for future capital? whether this is politically bad influence. Also, on Changchun sure, even if you can win, and Chen brother and I hope I win, I have determined not to win? , agreed to send troops stationed in you, thinking that the conditions for future negotiations, the time the sooner the better. , the whole in the East (including Omaha) Let me unmanning, always occupy, not to the KMT in a single soldier Link. shows the solution when the Chinese Communists have been fundamental changes, not only to occupy the entire north of Changchun Road to facilitate the negotiations in compromise, and has been envisaged in the whole East, the North will always occupy the full. Zedong on his reasons for doing so explained very clearly: Benxi, I can still remain in the East. live kicked off this war.
Siping after the war the then KMT troops have reached the Northeast Army a total of nearly 6, the new army, the new six army, seventy military, X Armed Forces, fifty-one military and ninety-fourth Army (including the new one, the new six, thirteenth, seventy for the U.S. armed forces all the equipment), the total strength of about 24 million people. The other sixty the military is by sea. These forces are channeled Northeast Security Command command, commander of the Executive for the Du Yuming (as Du Yuming illness hospitalized in February after late troops return deputy commander of the Cheng-dong States command, and the northeast line of business director Xiong Hui jurisdiction system). has been to the northeast Most of the main forces in mid-March to complete assembly in Shenyang, 19, started to south, east and north fan offensive way to start, ready to invade Liaoyang, Anshan, Yingkou, Fushun, Tieling, open the original, Changtu, Siping Street .4 days , Liaoyang, Fushun, Tieling in turn compromised; 10 days, to Anshan, Haicheng and open the original, the attack will have succeeded Changtu.
KMT withdrawal area in a massive attack on the Soviet Union, forcing the hope that occupy the East line of deployment of the CPC Central Committee must quickly begin defense of Siping.
1946 年 3 23, Mao Zedong, the first explicitly proposed to at any sacrifice to the war for peace. said: more the better, at the heavy casualties (for example 10000-2 people) Bureau and the report of Lin Biao, Huang Kecheng, Li Fuchun, who wrote in a telegram: Chiang Kai-shek will determine the troops from the north and I compete Shenyang, Changchun and Harbin. opposition to Chiang to occupy a long and in the East Kazakhstan. ; southern Manchuria, now firmly annihilated the main force to the Liaoyang, Fushun, etc. attack the enemy When you must be prepared to promptly transfer to the South over the main Siping Street, Changchun, between Li and Zhou Bao and yellow in the third, the struggle to defend northern Manchuria. Description: estimates are not and can not. So it is the purpose of playing in the Northeast, but in order to get peace at the negotiating table before the arrival of hard to get more benefits. but to achieve this purpose, it first must obtain the Soviets closely with the armistice in the Northeast before the arrival of well made, Changchun, Harbin, Qiqihar and the East across the board; the second truce came into effect in Northeast must not earlier not later, as early as Kazakhstan and other places not long and the occupation of the evening are likely to has been increased to six by the military, and troops of the KMT continues to break through defenses. it is noted that the U.S. will send an emergency plane just returned back to Yenan Zhou Chongqing, Northeast armistice negotiation issues, the CPC Central Committee has repeatedly reminded the Board to Sign in Northeast Qi managed to occupy the three cities of Ha Long, emphasizing once the cease-fire reached, . our capital. this reflects Mao Duidong North truce may soon be realized quite optimistic that the Kuomintang army in order to break the truce agreement reached between the lines is not much Siping hope. Therefore, the gross addition to repeatedly told the Northeast Bureau to strengthen frontline Siping military deployment, the special representative of the Chinese Communists call the Enforcement Division of Peking Ye Jianying and other demanding that after the signing of the Armistice Agreement, be sure to delay the departure time to facilitate the Surprisingly, the night of 25 calls Zhou said: Ha Long military pay is not yet homogeneous, showing that the Soviet side and in order to make exchange. signed a few days delay on the instructions of .27, the two sides reached a Communist group on the dispatch to the northeast of the nine provinces truce mediation instructions. Instructions to avoid the Communist dispute over the scope of government forces and the Communist army post to receive such sensitive issues, only requires the implementation of the military group mediation work, so that the armistice reached Communist armies.
rapid Northeast Armistice Agreement signed with Zhou Enlai on the Soviet Union and the national government might compromise intelligence had learned that Mao had instinctively stepped a screeching halt. he was 27 Lin and Peng Zhen at night to give power, even if the Soviet Union proposed a compromise with the KMT again, you should be The greater the economic benefits, but will one city, two or three cities to pay and Fang-City, our comrades will not feel disappointed. This should be an appropriate time in the future for the proper interpretation to the cadres. ; truce agreement, said only place to send teams to the conflict to stop the conflict, the date does not provide all the ceasefire, both sides can continue to move freely in a period south of Chiang in Siping, and given a serious blow to be viable in the future of the negotiations. .
when ordered in northeast Democratic coalition command of the Battle to Defend Siping, Lin Biao, commander of the Northeast Democratic coalition. Lin arrived Siping Street, the KMT has been promoting a new main force to the spring head south of the station, occupied Liao long way in the southern part of the military with the start and seventy long way to Liaoning in the north, the advance of the Siping Street. Siping Street from its forward only 30 kilometers. new and fifty-six army as the military is fighting to win the Lake. This split the deployment of forces and Chiang Kai-shek proposed deployment is somewhat different. Chiang's advice is: Changchun advance. . 6, plan to meet the enemy in that Lin Biao, Mao Zedong, Lin Biao and the central contact name and agreed to its deployment, and once again stressed the need to reach the goal at all thinking of casualties. Power said: correct. waver if the party mood, even a small, must be resolutely overcome.
hope you respect in Siping, able to multi-day repeated bayonet fighting, destroy the enemy forces north of all or most of our military that there are thousands of casualties, but also the willing. Handan campaign last winter, Liu and Deng Xiaoping took the 10th his troops, eight thousand casualties, and death by the victory, for the draw. : Peng puppet troops, including the Fourth Army and ginger, the two or is missing, or the weakness, the proposed transfer of the military, non-more than six months can not in place, and including Yunnan Yun Department and other second-class troops, there is much to be do. If I can in three months to six months, effective organizations have repeatedly fighting the enemy attack wiped out six to nine divisions, can exercise their frustration enemies and open up a bright future. To this end, the number must be prepared million casualties, have determined to pay the price to play the situation. And the number of days in the current fight for Siping, Benxi two victories, is the key ...
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