Landless workers into cities or into new groups face difficulties instability

 Landless workers into cities or into new groups face difficulties instability
2009   10   19   09:47 Source: Why farmers? , as, like most farmers in the village.
reporters in Anhui, Jiangsu and the interview that the new generation of migrant workers has been the emergence of a special group: not find a job, regardless of residence or return to the rural city, are likely to face the plight of the lack of basic living, affects the social stability of the hidden dangers. grassroots officials suggested, should
a new generation of migrant workers groups: landless workers
22-year-old migrant workers Wei Xuexia a shoe factory workers in Shanghai now. Although still in her household Yaocun Anhui Jieshou Tianying Zhen Wei, but In the home did not land. village in the early 20th century, 90 the last time the land adjustment, her home because of unplanned growth of population and not paid a fine of family planning, she could not be assigned land. many of the same generation as the Wei Xuexia all migrant workers faced with the dilemma: as farmers, she did not land as the basic means of production; and as workers, she was accepted by the possibility of permanent shoe is also very small.
this, the mayor of Fuyang City, Anhui Province, made Sun Yunfei to the collective land, some of it is rural land for 30 years after the implementation of the fixed policy of the newborn. migrant workers, a certain size. Fuyang city government labor departments have expressed concern that landless laborers. Fuyang City, according to the Secretary of Labor and Social Security Bin Yu rough day, Fuyang City, 2.28 million migrant workers out there, 60 million people estimated to have 10 million next year without new labor into the community land.
Jieshou City, Anhui Wei Wei kiln kiln villages villages, for example, the villages are currently 2200 people, 90 early last century, Wei kiln villages was the last time the land allocation; there were 50,60 were no unplanned births unplanned reproductive purpose are paid according to the law (ie, birth control penalty), not assigned to the land; August 1990 after the birth of the population, can not be assigned to the land. These people now have become migrant workers. village cadres Wei days and a rough estimate, as of the end of 2008, Wei kiln villages the number of landless peasants accumulated more than 400 people.
edge of the edge: to migrant workers parcels of land compensation, but also by the government into the security system for urban workers, in employment, pension, health care and other aspects of the power of government care. but the , the Government can not enjoy the extra care and attention.
increasingly cultivated land resources in rural areas has become an unavoidable tension, looming problem, Bin believes that the planted 10 acres of land; some families more than his son, and often more than 10 people, less than 5 acres of land. for some 0.2 acres of arable land per capita are lower than even the family, the land has gradually lost the function of basic social security . farming income is no longer the main source of their daily income.
, 5-6 years working in the field, out of the rural household, but who led the side of wages, social security is complete, there is the name of a land. It Wei Xuexia such landless workers, it is clear that very unfair.
can settle and become citizens in the city, with health care, pension and other insurance. In the current residence, social security, education and other existing system does not change the circumstances, to work in the city has a stable income and fixed-residence and settled in the city, only Very few people can be the first class; second person in the city for many years, with the passing of youth, more and more narrow scope of their employment options, even in the face of unemployment, but because of the long-term living and working in the city, unwilling to return to rural areas, still choose to stay in the city, became the poorest city; the third category will return to rural areas, farming the land their parents or relatives, or rented the land of others, for a living. After the two types of people may be to migrant workers find work, and they do not land in the rural areas of production to guarantee the basic living, they may be negative factors affecting social stability.
talk about future plans, Weixue Xia said: The plan did not go home, but also call a few years work, but I eventually want to return to rural areas. I now work in a factory, get paid every month, after the return to rural areas not thought about how to live life without a land , until the time to say it. Currently, almost all young people will choose to work outside the home after graduation, do not choose to stay at home farming. landless parents are all young farmers to land, from the perspective of rural customs, the land of their parents is not only the basic security, but also the lives of their own most basic source of protection. so uneven land currently not become a dominant issue. But in the future if the trend of increasing inequality of land distribution, is to return to rural areas, regardless of the Three main aspects should proceed. First, national authorities should carry out a complete system of this group survey, the distribution of the groups in the region, roughly the number of people have the macro data to master in order to grasp its a macro, understanding of the dynamics of this population, which can be targeted, reasonable co-ordination and management, this work should address this issue is the fundamental work.
The second is the uneven distribution of rural land resources for proper regulation of the status of and reform. without violating the premise, the premise does not lead to new contradictions, to allow some of these conflict areas is relatively sharp pilot reform of rural land to explore solutions to the imbalance of resource allocation methods.
The third is to continue to speed up the city of speed and level, some have the ability and the will to stay in the city's migrant workers into the community. In this regard, get rid of migrant workers, household residence, education, social security and other policy barriers are the need to address the problem of You can also try to place conditions of reform and adjustment. in the urbanization process, continue to increase the development of medium and small towns is very important in more and more overwhelmed by the case of large cities, large numbers of immigrants moving into small and medium City will bring a variety of resources, and promote further improve labor productivity, economic efficiency, diversification of industry and services, income and consumption to upgrade faster, more employment opportunities, becoming multi-functional single-function urban cities, small cities has grown for the city. Jiangsu Yangtze River Delta and other places of the migration is no longer the that more and more generation of migrant workers and their fathers chose a different way of life, their : The first is the basic integration into the city's migrant workers, who have permanent residence in the city, work units, the income is relatively stable; second is working in the city year round, while the strong mobility of migrant workers, such as Chinese New Year return They have relatively stable in the city occupation, income and place of residence; third category of migrant workers is intermittent or seasonal workers in the town, still taking into account agricultural production. At present, the second is the subject of migrant workers, was born out of the last century 80's, 90's the new generation of migrant workers has become the second major component of migrant workers.
According to Anhui Academy of Social Sciences researcher Wang Kaiyu analysis, due to the different growth experience and the environment, generation of migrant workers can be divided into two types: the first was born and raised in rural, urban workers to go out generation of migrant workers in rural areas; second childhood follow their parents to go out in the city grow, learn, adults to stay in the city after the city of new generation of migrant workers workers. Cenozoic rural and urban differences between the new generation. relative to the new generation for the rural, urban generation more familiar with urban life, rural life and agricultural production has resulted in alienation, the growth environment in the city, their frame of reference is the city of the same age, their sense of inequality, a strong sense of deprivation will be some psychological gap between expectations and reality larger. Cenozoic frame of reference in the rural countryside peers, relatively weak sense of deprivation.
whether urban generation, or generation in rural areas, and compared to the older generation of migrant workers, the level of their education, career choices, etc. have been changed. Many of them lack of survival as their fathers on the land of the earth consciousness knowing that his accounts are still rural, but they are more inclined to position themselves as urban people, not accustomed to rural life and agricultural production.
22-year-old Kun Fuyang City in Anhui Province Wu Ying District, the town of Green Dragon Spring village. He Minhang District, Shanghai now runs a fishing tackle shop. He was 10 years old her parents moved to Shanghai, first in schools for the children of migrant workers finished primary school and junior high school, then entered a vocational school. home of 10 years, the number of times he returned to Anhui total of only three or four times. He said parents urge him to return home to see each time, he does not like, are not used to the inconvenience of rural black night and the traffic. There are some young people around him and like him, from childhood to follow their parents to go out, some five or six age to Shanghai.
thought would return to his rural home after a long life. in Shanghai, not only are many such as Kun childhood growing up in urban cities new generation of migrant workers, there are more and more rural generation grew up in rural migrant workers, settle in the city tend to choose.
Jiangsu Province, deputy director of the Office of Migrant Workers Caobing Tai said in a recent survey of young migrant workers, 15% of young migrant workers, said no matter what changes the future, we must fight to stay In urban development, do not want to go back to rural areas. This shows that the new generation of migrant workers have become accustomed to city life, do not want to go back to rural life. The survey also revealed that 25% of men and 35% of women are not year round sent money to the family, indicating that the new generation of migrant workers are seeking to liberate themselves from the economy, hoping to use their labor to lead a city life, rather than the older generation, as most of their wages of migrant workers are sent to rural areas.
Lee is a rural settlement in the city typical of the new generation of migrant workers. He came from Anhui Yaocun Jieshou Tianying Zhen Wei. married, he has been a mold factory in Shanghai working .2000, he under his family's get together and get married with the village girls, Wei Ping. in the village to do the wedding, the husband and wife came to Shanghai to continue to work hard together, work in factories Li, Wei Ping, opened a window-dressing business clothing business, the general annual return In 2003 the first house, they have children, they then took it home to parents, both the number of home even less.
investigation by the reporter learned that the new generation of migrant workers working outside year round, with the old generation of seasonal migrant workers, workers in the form of liquidity compared to a strong change, indicating that the flow of migrant workers have been from the beginning of reform and opening up to the main farm in the country of origin, the slack season, the seasonal flow of migrant workers, to go into workers mainly to workers as the main source of income for year-round, multi-year flow, and even permanent residence in the form of inflow to the original to the individual units of labor mobility of labor into the form of both husband and wife or even bring their children to go out labor input in the form. They are basically out of the agricultural production and rural life, living in the present place of residence and stable increase in the duration of the year, returned home to reduce the frequency of domicile, place of residence into the current trend more obvious. this series phenomenon shows that the new generation of migrant workers more and more migrant workers choose his family, the labor force, the new generation of migrant workers are more households in the form of transfer units. This extremely urgent desire. They hope to get more respect, fair treatment, equal rights and self-worth.
especially children's education, it is the urgent desire for the new generation of migrant workers. Wei Ping told reporters: Children born in Shanghai, is now 6 years old, the most troublesome problems to school. the poor quality of school education, children of migrant workers, but the application must hold local schools real estate license Caixing. Zuifan is the entrance of God, we are in the home residence, should What had to go back to high school? We couple in Shanghai, the child of a person supposed to go back? We must have a person give up their jobs back home read along. Living in Shanghai to meet, but to buy a house, far beyond their ability to bear.
children's education, health care, social security and other aspects of the system hindered if not resolved early, will Forced regurgitation generation of migrant workers. This reflux is the backward level of urbanization is not conducive to healthy social development. Some migrant workers enter local government is trying to solve this problem. In education, Kunshan City, Jiangsu Education Bureau to prove that their parents as long as there is stability in Kunshan , in line with the policy of family planning children of migrant workers, can be formulated into the government-run schools; in the settled areas, the public security department under, more than 80 square meters in Kunshan of real estate to buy at least 3 years of continuous paid retirement, medical and other social insurance 3 years or more, or with the enterprise of the labor contract migrant workers, may be located in Kunshan City. It is understood that each year about 10,000 migrant workers settled in Kunshan City.
new generation of migrant workers: the identity of the farmers Although generally not recognized
have no worries about food and clothing Anhui home, but the 24-year-old Yuan Fenglin still choose to Kunshan City, Jiangsu workers. talked about the purpose of migrant workers, she said, , money is not the only main purpose is to see some aspects of society, the long exposure. distinct characteristics, psychological orientation tend to industrial workers. new generation of migrant workers are not farmers, on the edge of the city's feeling, alienation, a sense of belonging to the industrial working class is relatively low. At present, this psychological sense of belonging to the industrial workers is the development of social economy is changing.
Anhui Province Chamber of Labour and Social Security Liubang An Office of migrant workers, with the same workers, the older generation of wives and children of migrant workers and parents in rural areas, the land is full of emotional, psychological even more tilted in the countryside, they often back in the busy period family farmers, even if the cost of home car travel more expensive than the crop harvest, but they still choose to go home to help harvest the crops, as the traditional Spring Festival, Chinese people feel the same way; new generation of migrant farm workers are illiterate, their psychological more inclined to city life. They read from the junior high or high school, once you graduate, to migrant workers, farm work is almost never done. especially those who go out to his parents generation grew up in the city of migrant workers, who study life in the city, have been accustomed to urban life, > Compared with the older generation migrant workers, the new generation of migrant workers motivation for migrant workers no longer stay at the economic level, see the world, eye-opening, many of the new generation of migrant workers has become the main motivation to go out. Nanjing Normal University, mmm values of young migrant workers in Jiangsu Province on southern and northern Jiangsu generation of a sample survey of migrant workers ; economy br> The Causation of the change, the decision of the new generation of migrant workers are not the sole purpose of making money. Survey data show that 54.2% of the new generation of migrant workers because they want to go out to broaden their horizons and improve their own quality, 9.7% of the people Because home life is monotonous, work location of more abundant life, as well as 4.2% of people want to become members of the public from the farmers to change their city of residence of rural household registration, only 31.9% of people out is designed to meet economic needs.
Xingfeng Village, Anhui Province Town Shucheng thousand Yuan Fenglin, said: money, his father went to work to earn money aid to the home of Xiamen. Now her brother graduated from college to work, economic conditions, well-off, and she earns no need for home expenses, she still choose to work outside the home. In Xingfeng village, as the Yuan Fenglin Such young people are either admitted to college or to work outside the home, basically no one left in the village.
in rural areas, young people work outside the home has become a popular. In a traditional agricultural Fuyang City, Anhui Province, Municipal Party Committee Propaganda Vice Minister Liu Tingfeng said that in rural areas, people have formed such a concept: the young man to stay in the village farming, do not work outside the home, neighbors who do not think there will be skill, not money. go out to work as laborers, idle young man in the house to discuss a wife is immune. farmers as they are, they are more inclined to see themselves as groups of workers, 75% of people think they belong to groups of workers. It can be seen most of the new generation of migrant workers to self-identity has been defined as industrial workers, compared with only small part of the new generation of migrant workers to the Yaocun Jieshou Tianying Zhen Wei in Anhui Province, Wei Qin said that although she is from rural areas to health care in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, equipment, factory workers, but she did not feel that they are farmers, to work every day, work, patterns of life and there is little difference between the average worker, the basic salary of 1,000 yuan a month, and according to the amount of commission business, when business was good five or six thousand dollars a month can earn. After back home, I will not do farm work, can not be at home farming. that they can not fully integrated into the city, the prevalence of urban marginalization of the weak sense of belonging. However, the new generation of industrial workers, migrant workers sense of belonging to strengthen the public's help to speed up the process of changing the peasants, which is raising the level of future urban is a good news. Anhui Federation of Trade Unions Research Office Zhaozi I said that modern Chinese society depends on the future of urbanization, urbanization depends on the farmers into the public or workers, the migrant workers of the speed and level of the public. The Government should actively play a guiding effect, so that migrant workers and orderly, smooth as new members of the public, not only the speed is too low to prevent the public block of the process of urbanization, but also prevent the public of the city can not accommodate too fast absorption of lead. (Reporter Cheng Shihua Wang Heng Sheng Zhi Guo Ben )